Trends of cardiovascular health in Asian American individuals: A national health and nutrition examination survey study

Abstract

ObjectiveOversampling of Asian American individuals in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) provides a unique opportunity to assess the population-level cardiovascular health (CVH) in the fastest-growing racial group in the US. MethodsThe Life's Essential 8 (LE8) score and its components were calculated in self-reported Asian American individuals ≥20 years of age and free of cardiovascular disease in the NHANES cycles from 2011-March 2020. Multivariable adjusted linear and logistic regression models were used for analysis. ResultsAmong 2,059 Asian American individuals, the weighted mean LE8 score was 69.1 (0.4) with US-born [69.0 (0.8)] and foreign-born individuals [69.1 (0.4)] having similar CVH. From 2011 to March 2020, CVH in the overall population [69.7 (0.8) to 68.1 (0.8); Ptrend: 0.009] and foreign-born individuals [69.7 (0.8) to 67.7 (0.8); Ptrend: 0.005] declined. Decreasing trends were noted in the body mass index score irrespective of stratification and in the blood pressure scores in the overall population and foreign-born Asian American individuals. Compared with US-born individuals, the odds of ideal levels of smoking [ORadj:<5 years: 2.23 (95%CI: 1.45–3.44); 5–15 years: 1.97 (95%CI: 1.27–3.05); 15–30 years: 1.61 (95%CI: 1.11–2.34); ≥30 years: 1.69(95%CI:1.20–2.36)] and diet [ORadj: <5 years: 1.87 (95%CI: 1.26–2.79); 5–15 years: 2.00 (95%CI: 1.38–2.89); 15–30 years: 1.74 (95%CI: 1.14–2.68)] were higher in foreign-born individuals. Foreign-born individuals had lower odds of ideal physical activity levels [ORadj: 5–15 years: 0.55 (95%CI: 0.39–0.79); 15–30 years: 0.68 (95%CI: 0.49–0.95)] and ideal cholesterol levels [ORadj: 5–15 years: 0.59 (95%CI: 0.42–0.82); 15–30 years: 0.54 (95%CI :0.38–0.76); ≥30 years: 0.52 (95%CI: 0.38–0.76)]. ConclusionThe CVH in Asian American individuals declined from 2011 to March 2020. The odds of ideal CVH decreased with increasing duration of stay in the US, with foreign-born individuals residing in the US for ≥30 years having ∼28% lower odds of ideal CVH compared with US-born individuals.