Trends of antihypertensive use among patients with cancer and hypertension in the United States 2002–2019

Abstract

BackgroundHypertension (HTN) is the most frequently reported comorbidity in patients with malignancy. This study was conducted to assess the trend of different antihypertensive (AHT) medications used in cancer patients. MethodsWe used the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) database from 2002 to 2019 to identify adult (age >18 years) cancer patients with HTN using appropriate International Classification of Disease (ICD)-9 and ICD-10 codes. Benign and uncertain neoplasms were excluded. P-trend values were calculated using weighted logistic regression with “year” as the predictor variable. ResultsWe identified ∼46 million adult hypertensive cancer patients with an increasing trend from 2002 to 2019 (3.3 m–6.7 m). Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers (ACEI/ARB) use in hypertensive cancer patients increased steadily, while diuretics and combined drugs decreased. Calcium channel blocker (CCB) use increased since 2014–15. In cancer patients with heart failure (HF), beta-blocker (BB) use increased; however, diuretic use peaked in 2014–15 and declined. The use of ACEi/ARB in cancer patients with Diabetes (DM) has increased, whereas BB, CCB, and diuretic use remained stable. Hypertensive cancer patients with Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease (ASCVD) had increased ACEI/ARB use. Combination AHT use has decreased broadly. ConclusionThe ACEI/ARB and CCB use trends increased over the past two decades, whereas diuretics have declined. In cancer patients with DM or ASCVD, the use of ACEI/ARB is trending up. BB use showed an increasing trend in patients with HF. Combined AHT and diuretics use decreased. Total expenditure and out-of-pocket expenditure have a decreasing trend for all AHT medications.