Trends of Alcohol Use, Dietary Behaviour, Interpersonal Violence, Mental Health, Oral and Hand Hygiene Behaviour among Adolescents in Lebanon: Cross-Sectional National School Surveys from 2005, 2011 and 2017.

Supa Pengpid,Karl Peltzer

doi:10.3390/ijerph17197096

Abstract

Health risk behaviours during adolescence can have long-term negative consequences. Little is known, however, about the recent health risk behaviour trends in adolescents in Lebanon. This investigation aimed to report the trends in the prevalence of various health risk behaviours, such as alcohol use, dietary behaviour, interpersonal violence, mental health, oral and hand hygiene, among adolescents in Lebanon. Cross-sectional nationally representative data were analysed from 13,109 adolescents (14 years median age) that participated in three waves (2005, 2011 and 2017) of the “Lebanon Global School-Based Student Health Survey (GSHS)”. Results indicate that significant improvements were found among both boys and girls in the decline in interpersonal violence (bulling victimization, being physically attack and involvement in physical fighting), poor washing of hands after using the toilet, and suicide planning, and among girls only loneliness, worry-induced sleep disturbance and suicidal ideation. Significant increases were found among both boys and girls in the prevalence of inadequate fruit consumption, and among boys only unintentional injury and not always washing hands before eating. In conclusion, several decreases but also increases in health risk behaviours were found over three assessment points during a period of 12 years calling for continued health enhancing activities in this adolescent population.

Highlights

Lebanon, an upper middle-income country in the Arab region, has a population of 5.5 million (2.4 million in Beirut) [1], including 1.3–1.8 million Syrian and Palestinian refugees [2]
The three Lebanon Global School-Based Student Health Survey (GSHS) samples consisted of 13,109 school-going adolescents, 53.0% females and 47.0% males (14 years median age, 2 years interquartile range)
Significant increases were found among both boys and girls in the prevalence of inadequate fruit consumption, and among boys only unintentional injury and inadequate hand hygiene

Summary

Introduction

An upper middle-income country in the Arab region, has a population of 5.5 million (2.4 million in Beirut) [1], including 1.3–1.8 million Syrian and Palestinian refugees [2]. The life expectancy at birth in Lebanon is 78.3 years, the urban population is 88.9%, most are Arab by ethnic group (95%), and 61.1% are Muslim and 33.7% Christian [1]. The various internal conflicts experienced by Lebanon as well as being the host for refugees of neighbouring countries have contributed to its social and economic instability [2]. In Lebanon, 91% of all deaths are attributed to non-communicable diseases (NCDs), including 47%. The burden of NCDs is on the increase in the Arab world, including Lebanon [4]. In some Arab countries, adolescents are disproportionally affected by cardiovascular and metabolic

Methods

Discussion

Conclusion