Abstract
Is not yet possible to create a full-fledged municipal solid waste management industry in Russia, as private investors currently do not consider this area promising for investment, even if there is a positive domestic experience. Since the механизмыfree market mechanisms in this industry have not worked, it is the state that has the main task of forming all the infrastructure necessary for MSW management, so the purpose of this article is to consider the main directions of MSW use in accordance with global trends and the possibility of using the experience of other countries that have achieved high results in this area. Today, Russia generates about 70 million tons of municipal solid waste (MSW) per year. According to the figures laid down in the national project “Ecology”, by 2024, 60% of garbage should be processed, that is, sorted, and then sent for recycling, 36% of the total volume of waste should be recycled. To do this, it is necessary to additionally build capacities capable of sorting 37.1 million tons of MSW. At the same time, enterprises operating in this segment, have a shortage of financial resources - half of the approximately two hundred operators in the country have cash gaps, accounts payable and receivables are growing, and operations are becoming unprofitable. In these circumstances, it is very important to consider the mechanisms that can increase the attractiveness of the industry for business and ensure its profitability.
Highlights
- continuous education of the general public, including children and young people, on waste reduction and compliance with the rules of separate collection. This point is implemented quite and in our region, in particular, there are examples of environmental education and education of children, including in practice-the task is to make sure that this experience is not isolated; - the task of municipalities is to ensure the financial viability and stability of municipal solid waste (MSW) management schemes
There is a very strange situation on this issue - the amount of payments from the population has increased several times, and in some regions even tenfold with a huge regional differentiation-from 244 to 1411 rubles per cubic meter, but there are no tangible, qualitative changes in MSW management.; - creating opportunities for separate collection of garbage "on the ground" - this means providing the necessary volume of all cities and rural settlements with containers for separate garbage collection
The situation when a person needs to go to Mega for proper disposal of batteries, and to hand over glass jars from under baby food-to Zapadny is not normal, and such a garbage collection system only creates the appearance of sorting it, and does not solve the real problem
Summary
Since 2019, the processes of solid municipal waste management and disposal are managed by regional operators and represent an independent public service. The basic idea of reforms implemented since 2019, is the introduction of separate collection of municipal solid wastes in major cities of the Russian Federation on two fronts the "dry" waste that is recyclable (glass, metal, plastic, paper, etc.) and "mixed" or "wet" garbage, which includes mostly food waste. Regional ministries of housing and utilities and operators involved in garbage collection develop special instructions for residents explaining how to sort and dispose of garbage (Figure 1), but not all cities in the country have implemented the possibility of such separate collection, due to the elementary lack of tanks for two waste sorting options
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