TRENDS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF INDEPENDENT WORK OF HIGHER SCHOOL STUDENTS IN THE CONTEXT OF THE REFORMATIONS: 1905–1916

Abstract

Introduction. Modern requirements for the training of specialists, their competencies encourage a more thorough study of the development of theory and practice of independent work of students in the history of higher education in Ukraine. Purpose. To substantiate the transformation of leading trends in the organization and content of independent work of students in higher education in the period under study. Methods. To achieve the goal of the scientific article, the integration of methods was used: chronologicalsystemic – aimed at revealing trends in the development of independent work in higher education as a didactic category; personified-bibliographic – for the analysis of epistolary heritage, the contribution of pedagogicalpersonalities in the development of the problem; structural-comparative – in order to systematize the scientificliterature, archival documents and compare their content; historical-diachronic – for scientific substantiation ofthe genesis and evolution of the content of independent work of students in the educational process of highereducational institutions of a certain period.Results. The formation of a network of new higher education institutions in Ukraine determined the need todevelop mechanisms for organizing and guiding the process of formation of theory and practice of independent workof students in the educational process depending on the specifics of training. Independent work as a pedagogicalcategory is characterized by multifunctionality, species diversity and diversity in the forms of implementation in theeducational process of higher education institutions.Originality. Analysis of scientific sources, archival materials, the results of the study allowed to formulatethe studied phenomenon.It is investigated that at the beginning of the twentieth century. in pedagogical thoughtwe observe the emergence of a new principle of learning theory – the active acquisition of knowledge throughindependent work.Conclusion. The study of the problem revealed that the increased interest in independent work, the pace of itsdevelopment as a psychological and pedagogical category, as well as the quality it achieved in the period underconsideration, due to understanding the epistemological and practical significance of independent work.Chronological and systematic analysis suggests the need for further constructive research of the historical andpedagogical component of the process of development of theory and practice of independent work of students in theeducational process of educational institutions and actualization of constructive experience in modernizing modernhigher education in Ukraine.