Abstract
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is a gram-negative microbe involved in periodontitis. Strains with varying degrees of virulence have been identified, in healthy and periodontally compromised individuals alike. Hosts mount differential immune responses to its various serotypes and virulence factors. Studies have explored host immune response in terms of antibody titers, leukocyte responses, and specific inflammatory mediators, questioning the ways in which the infectious microorganism survives. This mini-review will identify the key themes in immune response patterns of individuals both affected by and free from aggressive periodontal disease, thereby using it to understand various forms of periodontitis.
Highlights
Periodontitis: An interplay between genetics and the microbial environment Protective inflammation manifests as attachment loss in periodontitis in select individuals
The Polymicrobial Synergy and Dysbiosis (PSD) model focuses on the importance of Porphyromonas gingivalis as a keystone pathogen; other bacteria have been acknowledged by the American Academy of Periodontology as having an important role in the development of periodontal disease
Prepubertal and juvenile forms appeared to be associated with specific bacteria; the aforementioned A. actinomycetemcomitans was the putative pathogen in Localized Aggressive Juvenile Periodontitis (LJP), a disease which affected adolescents by causing rapid, localized destruction at the central incisors and first molars (Table 1) [5]
Summary
Periodontitis: An interplay between genetics and the microbial environment Protective inflammation manifests as attachment loss in periodontitis in select individuals. The 2012 Polymicrobial Synergy and Dysbiosis (PSD) model of periodontal disease proposes that pathogens have distinct roles in a diverse biofilm such that there is specific, localized destruction in certain areas of the oral cavity [1]. Prepubertal and juvenile forms appeared to be associated with specific bacteria; the aforementioned A. actinomycetemcomitans was the putative pathogen in Localized Aggressive Juvenile Periodontitis (LJP), a disease which affected adolescents by causing rapid, localized destruction at the central incisors and first molars (Table 1) [5].
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