Abstract
BackgroundThis is an ecological study that analyzes suicides committed in Montenegro during the 2000–2018 period, taking into account gender, age and methods of suicide.MethodsSuicide rates and trends up until 2009 were obtained from the official registers of Bureau of Statistics of Montenegro (MONSTAT) while the later data were obtained from the Department of Interior’s. MONSTAT also provided data on unemployment and average salary. As per statistical methods, descriptive and correlations were calculated.ResultsThe average crude suicide rate was 21.06, for males 29.93 and for females 12.42. Crude suicide rates were not associated with unemployment rate or average salary. However, the unemployment rate was significantly correlated with lethal methods of suicide, namely suicide by firearm and by hanging. Average net salary was negatively correlated with suicide by firearm.ConclusionsThe ratio of males and females who committed suicide was 2.41. In the last three years, this ratio continues to rise in favor of males (reaching 4.29 in 2018). This could be explained by specific cultural features where males are expected to be the main financial contributors to the households. The labor market of Montenegro does not offer adequate opportunities to set and maintain a stable economic situation which puts additional pressure and stress on males.
Highlights
Suicide could be regarded as one of the major public health concerns
This study aims at determining overall and genderspecific crude suicide rates from 2000 to 2018 in Montenegro and their association with unemployment rate, average monthly net salaries, and two methods of committing suicide
The highest suicide rate was reported for year 2014 (42.00) and the lowest rate for year 2013 (22.49)
Summary
Suicide could be regarded as one of the major public health concerns It is defined as a deliberate and intentional act of ending one’s own life [8]. Overall average crude suicide rate in Europe was 15.4 (24.7 in Montenegro belongs to the category of upper-middleincome countries, according to The World Bank (https:// data.worldbank.org/income-level/upper-middle-income). It had around 622.400 inhabitants in 2018, according to estimates provided by MONSTAT. A crude suicide rate of 17.84 per 100,000 was reported for year 2016 with reduction of 1.85% up until 2018 This is an ecological study that analyzes suicides committed in Montenegro during the 2000–2018 period, taking into account gender, age and methods of suicide
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