Abstract
In this paper, the results of trend analysis applied to precipitation and temperature monthly data for the period from 1962 to 2014 is presented for the hydrological year (from November to October) in sixteen climatic stations in Eastern Slovakia. The topography of this part of the country is very diverse and it affects the climate. The Mann-Kendall non-parametric test coupled with Sen’s slope was applied to identify the significant long-term climatic trends, as well as the magnitude of those trends. According to the present study, all climatic stations in Eastern Slovakia show a positive trend in temperature during the year and almost all of them show a significant positive annual trend in temperature. Seasonal and monthly trend analyses produced the same results. Trends in temperature are always positive during winter and spring. Trends in precipitation are also mostly positive during winter and spring, although some negative trends were also found during these seasons. The spatial distribution of precipitation and temperature trends was modelled in ArcGIS using geostatistical analysis. Abrupt positive trend shifts in annual precipitation and temperature time series were also investigated. An abrupt shift in precipitation at the highest climatic station, Lomnický peak, began around 1985 (+). Abrupt shifts in temperature began around 1970 (+) at the presented climatic stations. The extremity of the climate is confirmed by an analysis of the trends in wet and dry spells. Trends showed increasing tendencies in medium- and long-term wet spells.
Highlights
Spatial and temporal variability in precipitation and temperature time series is important from both scientific, as well as practical, points of view
This paper presents temporal, as well as spatial, precipitation and temperature trends using the
Slovakia is located in the northern moderate climatic zone
Summary
Spatial and temporal variability in precipitation and temperature time series is important from both scientific, as well as practical, points of view. Agriculture, environmental engineering, and economic sectors play an important role in the investigations of precipitation and temperature trends, as these are major factors in these sectors. Climatic change is considered likely to increase runoff in the higher latitude regions because of increased precipitation, while on the other hand flood frequencies are expected to change in some locations and the severity of drought events could increase as a result of those changes in precipitation, temperature and evaporation.
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