Abstract
The power quality of electrical grids is becoming an important issue worldwide. The electrical grid has to deliver sinusoidal voltages and currents without frequency or amplitude variations. However, the connection of non-linear loads generates harmonics that degrade the grid quality. The presence of harmonics in the load currents has many negative consequences and can distort the voltage waveform at the point of common coupling (PCC). Thus, it is essential to mitigate the harmonics in order to maintain a suitable grid quality. This is a shared responsibility between energy suppliers, manufacturers of electric and electronic equipment, and users. In this context, this work presents, for each stakeholder, a comprehensive analysis of their responsibilities and the standards that they should meet. Additionally, this paper reviews the most common types of filters used to comply with the applicable standards in industrial applications. Finally, in order to prove that active power filters allow maintaining good power quality in all types of grid, commercially available active power filters were installed in three different grids contexts: an office building, a factory, and a stadium with a large number of LEDs. The experimental results obtained were used to evaluate the impact of active filters on grid quality. This review would help users to overcome their grid distortion problems.
Highlights
Electricity consumption has been continuously increasing since 1990 [1]
Production is carried out, while stress and life tests are performed on the manufactured capacitors. These tests have a significant impact on grid quality and the active power filters (APFs) installed are required to compensate for the distortion produced
This paper reviewed the power quality standards applicable to energy suppliers, manufacturers of electrical and electronic equipment, and users
Summary
Electricity consumption has been continuously increasing since 1990 [1]. The International Energy. The connection of non-linear loads causes harmonic currents to flow in the power system [10,11,12], which can distort the supply voltage waveform at the point of common coupling (PCC). In level 3, there are the remaining loads connected to the grid Within this level, there is a data processing center, another significant source of disturbances [17], and an APF is required to compensate its harmonics. In [12], the authors used data collected from two different industrial environments to simulate the effect of passive and active filters on the grid quality. We have installed active power filters in three different facilities: an office building, a capacitor-manufacturing factory, and a stadium In these locations, we measured the harmonic distortion and verified that the APFs greatly decrease the harmonic content. Control and modulation techniques are out of the scope of this paper, so these topics are excluded from Table 2
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