Trends in osteoporosis and mean bone density among type 2 diabetes patients in the US from 2005 to 2014

Yingke Xu,Qing Wu

doi:10.1038/s41598-021-83263-4

Abstract

This study aimed to examine how bone health changed among T2DM patients in the past decade. Continuous National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data from 2005–2006 to 2013–2014 were analyzed to examine the trends of bone mineral density (BMD) and the prevalence trends of osteoporosis osteopenia among T2DM patients and non-diabetic people aged 40 years and older. The age- and BMI-adjusted mean BMD of the femur neck for the four NHANES cycles decreased linearly in both T2DM patients and non-diabetic people (both Plinear trend ≤ 0.009). Among women with T2DM, the mean BMD in 2013–2014 was significantly lower than that in 2005–2006, even after adjusting for multiple covariates. During 2005–2014, the prevalence of osteoporosis among T2DM patients and non-diabetic people increased but with no significant linear trend (both Plinear trend > 0.05), while the prevalence of osteopenia in the two populations increased linearly (both Plinear trend < 0.04). Age- and BMI-adjusted mean BMD decreased in 2013–2014 in patients with T2DM and non-diabetic people, while the prevalence of osteoporosis and osteopenia increased in both groups.

Highlights

Osteoporosis and low bone mass affect approximately 200 million people across the world[1], including 54 million people in the United S tates[2]
From 2005 to 2014 mean body mass index (BMI) increased among type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients, as well as among the non-diabetic population
Such a difference remained when adjusted for multiple related factors, implying proper intervention might be needed. Such a linear trend of bone mineral density (BMD) was not observed among men in the current study, attention should be paid to men since a previous study showed that men with diabetes had a higher risk of fracture[41]

Summary

Introduction

Osteoporosis and low bone mass (osteopenia) affect approximately 200 million people across the world[1], including 54 million people in the United S tates[2]. People with these conditions are prone to have fractures. Around 158 million people were at a high fracture risk in 2010, with that number predicted to double by 2 0143. These related fractures will lead to many issues in those afflicted, including movement restriction, disability, and severe morbidity. We examined the trends of osteoporosis and osteopenia prevalence in T2DM patients and non-diabetic people

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Discussion

Conclusion