Abstract
BackgroundThe burden and trend of thyroid cancer in Vietnam have not been well documented. This study aimed to investigate the trends in incidence and histological pattern of thyroid cancer in Ho Chi Minh City from 1996 to 2015.MethodsA population-based study retrieved data from the Ho Chi Minh City Cancer Registry during 1996–2015. Trends in the incidence of thyroid cancer were investigated based on age, gender, and histology for each 5-year period. Annual percentage change (APC) in incidence rates was estimated using Joinpoint regression analysis.ResultsIn the study period, there were 5953 thyroid cancer cases (men-to-women ratio 1:4.5) newly diagnosed in Ho Chi Minh City with the mean age of 42.9 years (±14.9 years). The age-standardized incidence rate of thyroid cancer increased from 2.4 per 100,000 during 1996–2000 (95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 2.2–2.6) to 7.5 per 100,000 during 2011–2015 (95% CI: 7.3–7.9), corresponded to an overall APC of 8.7 (95% CI 7.6–9.9). The APC in men and women was 6.2 (95% CI: 4.2–8.2) and 9.2 (95% CI: 8.0–10.4), respectively. The incidence rate in the < 45 years age group was the highest diagnosed overall and increased significantly in both men (APC 11.0) and women (APC 10.1). Both genders shared similar distribution of subtype incidences, with papillary thyroid cancer constituted the most diagnosed (73.3% in men and 85.2% in women). The papillary thyroid cancer observed a markedly increase overall (APC of 10.7 (95% CI 9.3–12.0)).ConclusionsThere were appreciable increases in the age-standardized incidence rate of thyroid cancer in both genders, mainly contributed by the papillary subtype. The age of patients at diagnosis decreased gradually. The widespread utilization of advanced diagnostic techniques and healthcare accessibility improvement might play a potential role in these trends. Further investigations are needed to comprehend the risk factors and trends fully.
Highlights
The burden and trend of thyroid cancer in Vietnam have not been well documented
The histology types of thyroid cancer were categorized into five subtypes according to the International Classification of Diseases for Oncology, third edition (ICD-O-3) as papillary carcinoma (ICD-O-3 codes 8050, 8260, 8340, 8341, 8343, 8344, and 8350), follicular carcinoma (8290, 8330– 8332, and 8335), medullary carcinoma (8345, 8346, and 8510), anaplastic carcinoma (8012, 8020, 8021, and 8030–8032), and other or unspecified thyroid cancer [5]
Confidence interval [95% CI]: 2.2–2.6) to 7.5 per 100,000 during 2011–2015; a 3.1-fold increase (p < 0.05 for trend) (Table 2). This increase corresponded to an estimated Annual percentage change (APC) of 8.7 (Fig. 1). Both genders observed the increasing trend in thyroid cancer incidence, and women had a greater increase in overall APC (9.2, 95% CI: 8.0–10.4) compared with men (6.2, 95% CI: 4.2–8.2)
Summary
The burden and trend of thyroid cancer in Vietnam have not been well documented. This study aimed to investigate the trends in incidence and histological pattern of thyroid cancer in Ho Chi Minh City from 1996 to 2015. Thyroid cancer is the most widespread neoplasm of the endocrine system. Women experience a higher incidence of thyroid cancer than their men counterparts, with the women-tomen ratio is consistently high (approximately 3:1), especially after puberty and during the reproductive years [3]. The peak occurrence of thyroid cancer is during their reproductive period, and at the time of menopause and postmenopause, incidence rates exhibit a decline. Patterns relating to hormonal and reproductive factors may be partly attributable to this gender-specific trend and unusual age distribution in this type of cancer. Other risk factors of thyroid neoplasm are a history of benign thyroid diseases (adenomas, nodules, goiters), a high iodine intake, radiation, and long-term smoking or alcohol [3]
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