Trends in Emergency Contraceptive Use Among Adolescents and Young Adults, 2006–2017

Abstract

PurposeIn 2013, age restrictions for adolescents on over-the-counter access were removed for “Plan B One-Step”, a single oral medication option for emergency contraception use. Restrictions on generic options of the emergency contraceptive pill (ECP) were removed in 2014. MethodsNational Survey of Family Growth data were used to assess the prevalence of ever use of ECPs among sexually experienced female adolescents and young adults (AYA) aged 15–24 years (2015–2017 sample), and trends in indicators of ECP use and acquisition (2006–2017 samples). Prevalence estimates were obtained by age subgroups for 15–17, 18–19, and 20–24 years. Statistical significance was determined using an alpha of .05 and 95% confidence intervals calculated around the point estimates. ResultsThe weighted estimate of sexually experienced female AYA in the United States ranged from 13.3 million in 2006–2008 to 12.7 million in 2015–2017. The prevalence of ever ECP use was 18.2% (95% CI 15.7–21.1) and 31.8% (95% CI 26.9–37.1) in 2006–2008 and 2015–2017, respectively. Ever use in 2015–2017 varied by age group, number of lifetime opposite-sex partners and abortions, and experience of nonconsensual sex. In 2008–2010, 46.1% (95% CI 36.0–56.5) of respondents last obtained ECPs at community health or family planning clinics, and 31.8% (95% CI 22.9–42.2) last obtained ECPs at a pharmacy compared to 18.1% (95% CI 12.0–26.4) and 70.1% (95% CI 60.6–78.1) respectively in 2015–2017. Prevalence of provider counseling about emergency contraception in female AYA regardless of prior sexual experience in the past 12 months remained at or below 5% from 2006 to 2017. ConclusionIncreasing access to ECPs over-the-counter may have contributed to notable increases in reported ever use of ECPs and in the receipts from a pharmacy among AYA between 2006 and 2017. AYA may benefit if pharmacists and healthcare providers increase reproductive health counseling.