Abstract
The use of contraceptive methods seems so old that it is difficult to know precisely when human beings first wanted to control their fertility. However, two major changes have been observed over time. In the mid-18th century in France and during the 19th century in Europe, the "first contraceptive revolution" was characterized by the adoption of "withdrawal" by married couples. The "second contraceptive revolution" took place from the second half of the 20th century, with the gradual spread of the pill and the Intra-Uterine Device (IUD) among different social groups. Since then, contraceptive practices have been largely medicalized, and fertility control has become an exclusively female responsibility.
Highlights
Two major changes have been observed over time
La norme contraceptive française, en prescrivant le passage du préservatif à la pilule une fois que la relation se stabilise, prescrit également le passage d’une responsabilité contraceptive a priori partagée entre les partenaires à une responsabilité exclusivement féminine de la maîtrise de la fécondité du couple [5], limitant ainsi les capacités d’action des hommes
Summary
Les résultats des premières enquêtes conduites en France dans les années 1970 ont permis de confirmer l’importance du recours au retrait, et de mettre en évidence l’adoption relativement rapide des nouvelles méthodes de contraception que sont la pilule et du dispositif intra-utérin (DIU) (Figure 1) : c’est la « seconde révolution contraceptive » [2].
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