Abstract

The science and technology of cognition (STC) is a hybrid of several disciplines. Each one having its own flavor and commitments in strong resonance with the others. This chapter discusses the current state of affairs of STC. STC is depicted as having four tiers that are conceptually quite distinct, and has emerged in roughly successive moments of time over the past 40 years These four stages are: stage I—the foundational years (1943-53), stage 2—the cognitivist paradigm, stage 3—the alternative to symbol manipulation, and stage 4—the alternative to representations. The central intuition is that intelligence—including human intelligence—so resembles a computer in its essential characteristics that cognition can be defined as computations of symbolic representations. STC as cognitivism is clearly a constituted and well-defined research program, complete with prestigious institutions, journals, applied technology, and international commercial concerns. Connectionist models provide a working model for a number of interesting cognitive capacities, such as rapid recognition, associative memory, and categorical generalization.

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