Trends in cardiovascular health among US adults by glycemic status based on Life's Essential 8

Abstract

ObjectiveWe aimed to assess the secular trends in cardiovascular health (CVH) among U.S. adults with different glycemic statuses based on the Life's Essential 8 (LE8). MethodsThis cross-sectional study used nationally representative data from 6 cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys between 2007 and 2018. Survey-weighted linear models were used to assess time trends in LE8 scores. Stratified analyses and sensitivity analyses were conducted to validate the stability of the results. ResultsA total of 23,616 participants were included in this study. From 2007 to 2018, there was no significant improvement in overall CVH and the proportion of ideal CVH among participants with diabetes and prediabetes. We observed an opposite trend between health behavior and health factors in the diabetes group, mainly in increasing physical activity scores and sleep scores (P for trend<0.001), and declining BMI scores [difference, −6.81 (95% CI, −12.82 to −0.80)] and blood glucose scores [difference, −6.41 (95% CI, −9.86 to −2.96)]. Dietary health remained at a consistently low level among participants with different glycemic status. The blood lipid scores in the prediabetes group improved but were still at a lower level than other groups. Education/income differences persist in the CVH of participants with diabetes or prediabetes, especially in health behavior factors. Sensitivity analyses of the absolute difference and change in proportion showed a consistent trend. ConclusionsTrends in CVH among participants with diabetes or prediabetes were suboptimal from 2007 to 2018, with persistent education/income disparities.