Trends and outcomes of cardiogenic shock in Asian populations compared with non-Asian populations in the US: NIS Analysis (2002-2019)

Abstract

ABSTRACT Background Current understanding of outcomes of cardiogenic shock (CS) in Asian populations is limited. We aim to study the clinical outcomes of CS in Asian population compared with non-Asians in the US. Methods The National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database was queried between 2002-2019 to identify hospitalizations with CS. Race was classified as Asians and non-Asians. The adjusted odds ratios (aOR) for in-hospital outcomes were calculated using multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results Results Of 1,573,285 CS hospitalizations, 48,398 (3%) were Asians and 1,524,887 (97%) were non-Asians between 2002-2019. Adjusted odds of in-hospital mortality (aOR 1.03, 95% CI 1.01–1.05), and use of intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) (aOR 1.15, 95% CI 1.12–1.17) were significantly higher among Asians compared with non-Asians. The in-hospital mean cost of hospitalization was higher in Asian population ($63,787±$80,261) with CS compared with non-Asians ($56,207±$76,120, p < 0.001). The use of Impella (aOR 0.90, 95% CI 0.86–0.95) and left ventricular assist devices (LVAD) (aOR 0.71, 95% CI 0.65–0.77) were lower with no difference in the use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) compared with non-Asians. Conclusion Asian populations with CS have higher in-hospital mortality, increased requirement of IABP and higher mean cost of hospitalization compared with non-Asians.