Trends and Outcomes Associated With Axillary Management of Males With Clinical N0 Breast Cancer–An NCDB Analysis

Abstract

Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy (SLNB) is standard of care for women with clinically N0 breast cancer. However, there are no randomized controlled studies in men determining optimal surgical axillary management. Using the National Cancer Database, males diagnosed from 2006-2016 with clinical T1-4 N0 tumors treated with primary surgery were identified and categorized by axillary management. Clinicopathologic variables were compared between two timeframes, 2006-2011 and 2012-2016. Survival analysis was performed. We identified 2,646 males meeting criteria. Use of SLNB increased (65.9%-72.8%, P < 0.01). For those who underwent ALND, administration of radiation (31.1% versus 48.8%, P < 0.01) and endocrine therapy (70.2% versus 80.7%, P < 0.01) increased. There was no difference in survival between timeframes (P=0.42).For those who underwent SLNB, tumor grade (P=0.02) and pathologic T stage (P < 0.01) were higher and more patients underwent mastectomy (74.9% versus 79.4%, P=0.02). Administration of chemotherapy decreased (35.1% versus 27.2%, P < 0.01) and endocrine therapy increased (72.1% versus 81.3%, P < 0.01). Survival of those who underwent sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) diagnosed 2012-2016 was worse than those diagnosed 2006-2011 (P=0.01). Use of SLNB alone has increased while ALND has declined in males with clinically N0 breast cancer. However, patients who underwent SLNB alone in the later time period had worse clinical characteristics and experienced differences in adjuvant therapy. This suggests increased acceptance of the use of SLNB for axillary management. Further analysis is warranted to evaluate methods of axillary staging and the impact on outcomes in males with breast cancer.