Trends and Characteristics of Young Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients in the United States.

Anish Thomas,Giuseppe Giaccone,Tinghui Yu,Yuanbin Chen,Marko Jakopovic

doi:10.3389/fonc.2015.00113

Abstract

Although the median age at diagnosis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is 70 years, a subset of patients with NSCLC present at a younger age (<40 years). Little is known about the time-trends in incidence of NSCLC in the young, their characteristics and outcomes. The surveillance, epidemiology, and end results database was used to extract NSCLC cases from 1978 to 2010. Yearly incidence rates in various age groups, race, site of disease, histology, treatment patterns, and outcomes were assessed. We modeled Kaplan-Meyer survival curves stratified by age of presentation. Young patients represented 0.6% of incident NSCLC from 1978 to 2010. The incidence of young NSCLC declined significantly during this time-period. Young NSCLCs had a higher proportion of women (51%), Asians or Pacific Islanders (14%), adenocarcinoma histology (59%) and were more likely to present with distant metastases (68%). The young had better all cause and lung cancer-specific survival than the older patients (median survival for localized, regional, and distant disease: not reached, 28, 9 vs. 46, 17, 5 months; p < 0.001 for all groups). Male sex, non-adenocarcinoma histology, and main bronchial primary were independent negative prognostic factors among the young. In contrast to the overall population, black race was a poor prognostic factor among the young. The incidence of NSCLC in the young decreased from 1978 to 2010. The clinical characteristics of NSCLC in the young, including demographic distribution, treatment, and outcomes are different from those observed in the older patients.

Highlights

Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer-related death in the United States and worldwide [1, 2]
Time-Trends in Incidence of Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in the Young Figure 1A shows the time-trends in incidence of NSCLC in patients younger than 40 from 1975 to 2010
NSCLC still overwhelmingly remains a disease of older individuals: 99.4% of incident NSCLC in the United States between 1998 and 2010 were in patients older than 40

Summary

Introduction

Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer-related death in the United States and worldwide [1, 2]. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), which accounts for over 85% of all lung cancer, is often considered a disease of the older population with a median age at diagnosis of about 70 years [3]. There are several issues, which are relevant to NSCLC in these patients, for example, their distinctive cancer biology, treatment tolerance, adherence, effectiveness, fertility preservation, and early death [10]. Despite being an important demographic subgroup, there are limited data on the incidence, time-trends, and clinical characteristics of young patients with lung cancer. The median age at diagnosis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is 70 years, a subset of patients with NSCLC present at a younger age (

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