Abstract
Grid-Tied inverter has gained the attention of many researchers and power generation industry due to its capability of integrating distributed power generation systems using renewable energy resources with the existing centralized power generation system. Yet the inclusion of a transformer in the Photovoltaic (PV) inverter makes it bulkier, heavier and more expensive. A primary solution to the aforementioned problems is the transformerless PV Grid-Tied inverter. This paper presents a review of different transformerless, single-phase Grid-Tied inverter topologies. The objective of this paper is to study parameters such as leakage current, common-mode voltage, total harmonic distortion, and the efficiency of transformerless Grid-Tied inverters. The paper also provides a discussion on existing Grid-Tied inverter topologies, such as H5, oH5, Novel H5, H5-D, FBDC, H6D2, Hybrid H6, High-efficiency MOSFET H6, Improved H6, 3L H6, H6-A, B, High-Efficiency H6, H6-N, Improved H6, H6-active clamping, Active clamped snubber based H6, Heric, oHeric, Enhanced Heric, Heric-with mid-DC-link, Active clamping, PN-NPC, Improved FBNPC, T-Type 3L, ANPC, HBNPC, NIFB-NPCI, VNIIFBC, M-NPC, Virtual DC bus based inverter, Active Virtual Ground, Type I, Type II, Type III Common Ground, Flying Capacitor and Multilevel Common Ground. Though it is found that many topologies available in the literature, other new topologies can be proposed to improve the performance of the inverter. Furthermore, it is also noted that the performance analysis of the inverter must be carried out in the presence of junction capacitance and shoot-through problem so that new strategies can be introduced in the existing typologies to address these issues.
Highlights
Modernization and population growth have dramatically increased energy demand. To meet this energy demand, it is important to shift towards renewable energy resources as they are abundantly available in nature, they do not disrupt with the consumption and saves Mother Earth
This paper presents state of art in the transformerless Grid-Tied inverter, includes discussion on various types of Grid-Tied inverter proposed in the literature to decrease leakage current, total harmonic distortion and the challenges that need to be addressed
It is noticed that further analysis of stray capacitance to reduce leakage current and shoot-through effect to avoid accidental high current flow must be considered and revisited to provide better safety that may avoid damage to the inverter
Summary
Modernization and population growth have dramatically increased energy demand. To meet this energy demand, it is important to shift towards renewable energy resources as they are abundantly available in nature, they do not disrupt with the consumption and saves Mother Earth. Solar energy is one such renewable energy that is never-ending and abundantly available on the earth. The production of distributed energy with solar energy has gained more prominence. It consists of an array of PV cells that generates DC power [1]. The generated power is fed to the grid after converting it to AC power using an inverter
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