Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Larynx cancer is one of the most common head and neck cancers, whose main risk factors are smoking and alcohol use, and its occurrence and prognosis depend on adequate and timely preventive measures. This study aimed to investigate the burden of larynx cancer in Brazil and its states. METHODS: Using estimates from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019, this study analyzed the trends of incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for larynx cancer between 1990 and 2019, besides the mortality-to-incidence ratio and the socio demographic index. RESULTS: Incidence and mortality due to larynx cancer in Brazil, which are approximately eight-fold higher for men, showed a declining trend between 1990 and 2019 (APPC: -0.4% and -1.0%, respectively). The DALYs also showed negative variation between 1990 and 2019 for both sexes in Brazil, mainly due to the decrease in premature deaths, with the greatest reduction in the state of São Paulo. For the states of Brazil in 2019, the higher age-standardized incidence rate (Rio Grande do Sul, 3.83 cases per 100,000 inhabitants) is twice the lowest rate (Piauí, 1.56 cases per 100,000 inhabitants). CONCLUSIONS: A fall in the burden of larynx cancer was observed in Brazil over the past 30 years, which may be attributed to a reduction in smoking and to an improvement in treatment. However, the regional inequalities in the country remain evident, especially for males. This data can guide public policy priorities to control the disease in Brazil.
Highlights
Larynx cancer is one of the most common head and neck cancers, whose main risk factors are smoking and alcohol use, and its occurrence and prognosis depend on adequate and timely preventive measures
The following estimates per 100,000 in habitants, for Brazil and its states between 1990 and 2019, were considered: age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR), age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR), and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), a composite indicator that expresses the total burden of diseases by combining in one measure the time lived with disability, Years Lived with Disability (YLD) – prevalence estimates multiplied by disability weights for mutually exclusive sequelae of diseases and injuries, and the time lost due to premature mortality, Years of Life Lost (YLL) – subtracting the age at death from the longest possible life expectancy for a person at that age[1]
In Brazil, a tendency of decline was verified in ASIR, ASMR, and DALYs for the larynx cancer between 1990 and 2019
Summary
Larynx cancer is one of the most common head and neck cancers, whose main risk factors are smoking and alcohol use, and its occurrence and prognosis depend on adequate and timely preventive measures. This study aimed to investigate the burden of larynx cancer in Brazil and its states. Results: Incidence and mortality due to larynx cancer in Brazil, which are approximately eight-fold higher for men, showed a declining trend between 1990 and 2019 (APPC: -0.4% and -1.0%, respectively). Conclusions: A fall in the burden of larynx cancer was observed in Brazil over the past 30 years, which may be attributed to a reduction in smoking and to an improvement in treatment. The main risk factors for larynx cancer are smoking and alcohol consumption, especially among the well-differentiated squamous cell carcinomas which represent 98% of the cases[6,7]. In Brazil, there was a high fraction of larynx cancer attributed to selected modifiable risk factors, estimated for the population in 2020, with 80.2% in men and 71.1% in women[8]
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