Abstract
Sexual violence has emerged in the health field with changes in the epidemiological profiles of populations. An ecological study with 5,565 Brazilian municipalities between 2010 and 2014. A descriptive analysis of the variables (Population rate of sexual violence reporting, household income per capita and HDI) and their stratification by quintile was performed. In order to explore the factors associated with changes in social inequalities regarding the rate of reporting of sexual violence, the Slope Index of Inequality and Relative Index of Inequality were adopted. An Equiplot was constructed for the outcome on each independent variable. The mean rate of reports of sexual violence in Brazil was 4.38 reports/100,000 inhabitants for the period. There was an increase in the rate of sexual violence and improvement in socioeconomic conditions. There was a higher rate of reporting in the quintile with better living conditions. An increase in the inequality of the rate of sexual violence as a function of household income and the HDI was observed. Several factors seem to influence the increase of reports of sexual violence in the country, among them the improvement in the living conditions of the population and greater moral sensitivity to violence. However, there is still a disparity in reporting among municipalities according to their socioeconomic status. The lack of public policies on social equity in health has interfered with reports of sexual violence in the country and has widened health inequities.
Highlights
Sexual violence has emerged in the health field with changes in the epidemiological profiles of populations
Reports of sexual violence were obtained from VIVA, while the population count was obtained from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística - IBGE)
Between 2010 and 2014, there was an increase in the rate of reports of sexual violence followed by an improvement in socioeconomic conditions (Table 1)
Summary
Sexual violence has emerged in the health field with changes in the epidemiological profiles of populations. The World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations (UN), in the 1990s, declared sexual violence to be a social and health problem, and sought to work together with governments to create a political agenda that included actions to combat and prevent it[1,2]. In this context, Brazil, since 1996, with its Inter-American Convention to Prevent, Punish and Eradicate Violence against Women (Convenção Interamericana para Prevenir, Punir e Erradicar a Violência contra a Mulher), recognizes sexual violence as a violation of human rights[3]. The Brazilian government enacted a series of laws to combat sexual violence[5,6]
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Schedule a callMore From: Revista brasileira de epidemiologia = Brazilian journal of epidemiology
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