Abstract
Establishing patterns of natural variability of water resources in lakes is important for water management. However, the availability of reliable data often becomes obstacles, especially in ungauged regions. Rainfall products from Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) potentially fill this gap. The aim of this study is to assess the trend of rainfall over Indonesian major lakes using TRMM rainfall estimates to investigate the natural variability of rainfall over the lakes. TRMM 3B43 monthly data over the period of 1998–2017 obtained from Giovanni data portal maintained by NASA were used to assess the trend of rainfall over Indonesian major lakes. Rainfall correlation with El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) variability was also investigated using Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) and Multivariate ENSO Index (MEI). Trend analysis was carried out using Mann-Kendall test. Rainfall depths over Lake Laut Tawar in Sumatra tend to gradually decline, which is confirmed by the Mann-Kendall test. Result of the test of rainfall over all other investigated lakes on Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Papua, and Java indicate no trends except for that of Lake Paniai on Papua, which indicates an increasing trend.
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