Abstract
Trehalose, a natural disaccharide, is primarily known for its ability to protect proteins from inactivation and denaturation caused by a variety of stress conditions. Furthermore, over the past few years, it has emerged as a promising therapeutic candidate for treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Herein, we examine the attachment of trehalose to polymers for release under selected physiologically relevant conditions. The proposed strategies are evaluated specifically using hydrogels undergoing simultaneous degradation during trehalose release. These materials are fabricated via copolymerization of the appropriate acrylamide-type monomers with polymerizable trehalose esters or benzylidene acetals. This provides trehalose release in a slightly alkaline (i.e., pH 7.4) or mildly acidic (i.e., pH 5.0) environment, respectively. Using this method materials containing up to 51.7 wt% of trehalose are obtained. The presented results provide a solid basis for future studies on polymeric materials intended for trehalose release in biological systems.
Highlights
Trehalose, a natural disaccharide, is commonly found in various organisms and primarily known for its ability to protect proteins from inactivation or denaturation caused by an array of stress conditions
We have shown that appropriate structure design of trehalose crosslinker and careful comonomer selection enables modulation of degradation rate and fabricate hydrogels that degrade at physiological pH [25,26]
Accomplished by derivatization of trehalose into esters into or benzylidene bearingacetals polymerizable was accomplished by derivatization of trehalose esters or acetals benzylidene bearing polymerizable functionalities, followed by copolymerization with the appropriately selected acrylamide-type monomers
Summary
A natural disaccharide, is commonly found in various organisms and primarily known for its ability to protect proteins from inactivation or denaturation caused by an array of stress conditions. Materials, especially nanoparticles, that release trehalose at physiologically relevant conditions could be an alternative for simple administration of trehalose in classical formulations. Such materials have the advantage of reduced trehalose clirens, as well as extended stability by protecting it from rapid enzymatic hydrolysis into glucose by trehalase. Polymers containing trehalose were obtained using various polymerization and post-polymerization techniques and were studied as e.g., excipients for protein stabilization under deactivating conditions [14,15,16,17], nonviral nucleic acid carriers [18,19,20], thermogelling hydrogel matrices for 3D cancer cell culture [21], and magnetic nanoparticles for selective interactions with mycobacteria [22].
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