Abstract
Few studies have focused on the role of compatible solutes in changing the microbial community structure in bioaugmentation systems. In this study, we investigated the influence of trehalose as a biostimulant on the microbial community in tetrahydrofuran (THF)-treated wastewater bioaugmentation systems with Rhodococcus sp. YYL. Functional gene profile changes were used to study the variation in the microbial community. Soluble di-iron monooxygenases (SDIMO), particularly group-5 SDIMOs (i.e., tetrahydrofuran and propane monooxygenases), play a significant role in the initiation of the ring cleavage of tetrahydrofuran. Group-5 SDIMOs genes are enriched upon trehalose addition, and exogenous tetrahydrofuran monooxygenase (thmA) genes can successfully colonize bioaugmentation systems. Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s) have a significant role in catalyzing the region- and stereospecific oxidation of non-activated hydrocarbons, and THF was reported to inhibit P450s in the environment. The CYP153 family was chosen as a representative P450 to study the inhibitory effects of THF. The results demonstrated that CYP153 family genes exhibited significant changes upon THF treatment and that trehalose helped maintain a rich diversity and high abundance of CYP153 family genes. Biostimulation with trehalose could alleviate the negative effects of THF stress on microbial diversity in bioaugmentation systems. Our results indicated that trehalose as a compatible solute plays a significant role for environmental strains under extreme conditions.
Highlights
Bioaugmentation, which introduces certain functional microorganisms into indigenous bacterial populations, is an attractive environmental clean-up technique for reducing recalcitrant compounds in contaminated soil or water (Tyagi et al, 2011a)
This study examines the effect of trehalose on the efficiency of bioaugmentation with the THF-degrading bacteria Rhodococcus sp
The results indicated that the degradation rates of activated sludge from the non-trehalose BA reactor and the trehalose BA reactor increased from day 24 to 96, and the differences in THF degradation activity between the two reactors gradually increased over time
Summary
Bioaugmentation, which introduces certain functional microorganisms into indigenous bacterial populations, is an attractive environmental clean-up technique for reducing recalcitrant compounds in contaminated soil or water (Tyagi et al, 2011a). As a potentially powerful tool to direct community structure and metabolic capacities, the outcome of bioaugmentation is usually unpredictable (Falk et al, 2013) because maintaining persistent survival rates and activities of the introduced bacteria are the core and most difficult issues of bioaugmentation (El Fantroussi and Agathos, 2005). Colonization is determined by many abiotic factors (e.g., temperature, pH-value, aeration, and nutrient content) and biotic factors (predation and competition) in remediation systems (Mrozik and Piotrowska-Seget, 2010). To help the introduced bacteria successfully colonize a new environment, biostimulation is always. Biostimulation is the addition of nutrients to the system in order to improve the degradation of the microbial populations (Nikolopoulou and Kalogerakis, 2009). The biostimulants could be N and P (Delille et al, 2009; Singh et al, 2014), biosurfactants (Bordoloi and Konwar, 2009), or carbon sources (Sakultantimetha et al, 2011; Taccari et al, 2012)
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