Abstract
Abstract. This paper presents a fast and accurate tsunami real-time operational model to compute across ocean-wide simulations completely on GPU (graphics processing unit). The spherical shallow water equations are solved using the method of characteristics and upwind cubic interpolation to provide high accuracy and stability. A customized, user interactive, tree-based mesh-refinement method is implemented based on distance from the coast and focal areas to generate a memory-efficient domain with resolutions of up to 50 m. Three specialized and optimized GPU kernels (Wet, Wall and Inundation) are developed to compute the domain block mesh. Multi-GPU is used to further speed up the computation, and a weighted Hilbert space-filling curve is used to produce a balanced workload. Hindcasting of the 2004 Indonesian tsunami is presented to validate and compare the agreement of the arrival times and main peaks at several gauges. Inundation maps are also produced for Kamala and Hambantota to validate the accuracy of our model. Test runs on three Tesla P100 cards on Tsubame 3.0 could fully simulate 10 h in just under 10 min wall-clock time.
Highlights
The turn of the 21st century showed us, as never before, the reality of the terrible and devastating damage and death that tsunamis can cause
In order to compare the numerical results of TRITON-G with existing benchmarks and test its ability to estimate inundation, we present the results obtained using the main benchmark tests proposed in the National Tsunami Hazard Mitigation Program workshop (NTHMP, 2012)
The case of Diego Garcia serves as a test for long propagation, since it is located around 2700 km away and there is no topography between source and station
Summary
The turn of the 21st century showed us, as never before, the reality of the terrible and devastating damage and death that tsunamis can cause. In 2004, a massive earthquake off Sumatra Island of magnitude Mw = 9.0 on the Richter scale triggered a tsunami with deadly consequences. According to the World Health Organization, the death toll for these events exceeds 200 000 (WHO, 2014) in several countries spread along the Indian Ocean. Not much later in 2011, a tsunami triggered by a Mw = 9.0 earthquake on the east coast of Japan in the Tohoku region produced yet another disaster. The subsequent nuclear crisis was due to the tsunami-induced damage of several reactors in the Fukushima nuclear power plant (Motoki and Toshihiro, 2012)
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