Tree and tree-like species of Mexico: Apocynaceae, Cactaceae, Ebenaceae, Fagaceae, and Sapotaceae

Abstract

Trees or tree-like plants are defined here broadly as perennial, self-supporting plants with a total height of at least 5m, without considering ascending leaves or inflorescences, and with 1 or several erect stems with a diameter of at least 10cm. In this third contribution of the taxonomic compilation of Mexico's native tree species, 271 species are presented: 27 in the family Apocynaceae (26% endemic), 63 in the Cactaceae (79%), 17 in the Ebenaceae (35%), 123 in the Fagaceae (60%), and 41 in the Sapotaceae (22%). Several cactus genera are endemic to Mexico, notably Neobuxbaumia with 10 species and heights up to 22m. The oak genus Quercus with 122 species is the most species-rich genus of Mexican trees. Several species are reported to reach heights of 60m (Aspidosperma desmanthum, Quercus benthamii, Q. corrugata, and Manilkara chicle). All species are listed in an appendix, including the original publication, references of taxonomic revisions, in some cases synonyms, existence of subspecies or varieties, maximum height in Mexico, and the indication if the species is endemic to Mexico.