Abstract
On May 2, 1598, the Treaty of Vervins ended the war between France and Spain which had formally started with the French declaration of war of January 17, 1595. This open rupture had only signaled the start of the final phase of the Spanish intervention in the French Wars of Religion, which dated back to the 1560s. Just weeks before the peace was signed, Henri IV sealed a compromise with the French Huguenots through the Edict of Nantes and secured the end of religious war in France. With the Treaty of Vervins, the French king, now a Catholic but formerly the leader of the Huguenot faction, achieved the recognition of his regime by the foremost Catholic prince, Philip II of Spain. For the latter, Vervins was a crucial step towards disengaging the exhausted Spanish monarchy from its triple war against Protestantism in the north. The process of pacification was eventually completed by the Peace of London (1604) with the British monarchy and the Twelve Years' Truce (1609–21) with the republic.
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