Abstract
More recently, we have proposed a safe non-vector approach to modifying the biochemical profiles of the microalga Planktochlorella nurekis and obtained twelve clones with improved content of lipids and selected pigments and B vitamins and antioxidant activity compared to unaffected cells. In the present study, the biological activity of water and ethanolic extracts of modified clones is investigated in the context of their applications in the cosmetic industry and regenerative medicine. Extract-mediated effects on cell cycle progression, proliferation, migration, mitogenic response, apoptosis induction, and oxidative and nitrosative stress promotion were analyzed in normal human fibroblasts and keratinocytes in vitro. Microalgal extracts did not promote cell proliferation and were relatively non-cytotoxic when short-term treatment was considered. Long-term stimulation with selected microalgal extracts attenuated the development of oxidative stress-induced senescence in skin cells that, at least in part, was correlated with nitric oxide signaling and increased niacin and biotin levels compared to an unmodified microalgal clone. We postulate that selected microalgal extracts of Planktochlorella nurekis can be considered to be used in skin anti-aging therapy.
Highlights
The skin is a natural barrier that protects the human body against a number of environmental stressors, such as physical, chemical, or biological agents
We focus on the evaluation of extract-mediated effects on cell proliferation, migration, mitogenic activity, overall cytotoxicity and the ability to attenuate the development of oxidative stress-induced senescence in human skin cells that may have potential applications in the cosmetic industry and regenerative medicine
We asked if the modified and improved clones of the microalga Planktochlorella nurekis may have some advantages over control unaffected microalgal cells
Summary
The skin is a natural barrier that protects the human body against a number of environmental stressors, such as physical, chemical, or biological agents. Environmental factors such as sun radiation (ultraviolet radiation, visible light, and infra-red radiation), air pollutants (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), particulate matters (PMs), and ozone) and tobacco smoke may affect and/or promote the progression of inflammatory skin diseases such as atopic dermatitis (AD), acne and psoriasis, skin aging, and cancerogenesis (e.g., photo-aging and photo-carcinogenesis) [1,2]. Cumulative exposure to UV radiation can result in the damage of chromophore-rich cutaneous biomolecules and oxidative stress, affecting skin cells and matrix components, and stimulate the expression of ECM proteases (e.g., matrix metalloproteinases, MMPs) via transcription factor activator protein-1 (AP-1) signaling, leading to collagen degradation and wrinkle formation [4]
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