Treatment outcomes and associated factors among children with severe acute malnutrition at Hiwot Fana Specialized University Hospital, Harar, Eastern Ethiopia: a retrospective cohort study.

Abstract

Ethiopia is one of the countries with the highest under-five child mortality rates, with malnutrition remaining the major cause of death. Overall, 10% of children in Ethiopia are wasted, and 3% are severely wasted. To assess the treatment outcomes and associated factors among children with severe acute malnutrition (SAM) at Hiwot Fana Specialized University Hospital, Harar, Eastern Ethiopia, data of 162 under-five children admitted from January to December, 2020, at Hiwot Fana Specialized University hospital were collected retrospectively from 1 January to 20 February 2021. Pre-tested structured questionnaire was used to extract data from medical records. The data was entered into Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 21 for analysis. A p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. In this study, 162 participants were included and 54% were males. The majority (80.2%) of children were newly admitted and 49.7% had less than 7 days of hospital stay, 70.99% recovered from malnutrition, and 42.6% had marasmus. Amoxicillin and gentamycin combination (47.5%) was the most commonly prescribed intravenous antibiotics. Having diarrhoea (AOR = 22, 95% CI: 2.86-169.46), presence of comorbidities such as malaria (AOR = 103.29, 95% CI: 7.42-1437.74) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (AOR = 42.72, 95% CI: 4.47-408.23) were statistically associated with poor recovery from severe malnutrition. More than 70% of children with SAM had good treatment outcomes. Child vaccination history, length of hospital stay, admission weight for height, and presence of comorbidities such as diarrhoea, pneumonia, measles, HIV, malaria, and tuberculosis were factors associated with bad malnutrition and treatment outcomes.