Treatment outcome on pulmonary tuberculosis and extra pulmonary tuberculosis in government general hospital, ongole

Abstract

Background: Tuberculosis is a global disease leading to cause death worldwide. The Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP), Directly Observed Treatment Short Course (DOTS), was launched to reduce tuberculosis mortality, improve patient adherence to treatment, and prevent the development of drug resistance. The aim of this study was treatment outcome of tuberculosis. Treatment outcome is an important indication of tuberculosis control programme. Methodology: An ambispective observational study was conducted in a government general hospital from August 2019 to January 2020 on the treatment outcomes of PTB and EPTB in the 15 years and older age group, both males and females, on category I regimens. Patients with comorbidities like HIV, diabetes, and social habits like smoking were included. Record based TB diagnosed data (August 2019 to January 2020) are taken and asses their treatment outcome after 6months of complete therapy. The recorded and collected data were analysed to evaluate the success rate of treatment outcomes for PTB and EPTB. Results: A total of 350 subjects were enrolled in the study, of which 311 are included and 39 are excluded due to incomplete data. The study with age group of 15 and above years where males 218(70.10%) and females 93(29.90%). Total pulmonary tuberculosis cases are 277 (89.07%), and extrapulmonary tuberculosis cases are 34 (10.93%). Subjects with HIV 48(15.43%), Diabetes 54(17.37%) and Tobacco smoking 85(27.33%). The treatment outcome was observed as follows: cured 144 (46.30%), treatment completed 98 (31.51%), transfer out 10 (3.21%), died 27 (8.69%), treatment failure 7 (2.26%), treatment lost to follow-up 14 (4.50%), and treatment regimen changed 11 (3.53%). At the end of the treatment, the success rate was found to be 78%. Conclusion: This study shows that the TB patients' treatment success rate was 78%, which is slightly less than the RNTCP norms. The died rate was 8% which is higher than national average. Perhaps the services need to improve tuberculosis case detection in HIV patients, while cure rates have to be improved in RNTCP. EPTB case enrolment is very low, whereas the referral system has to improve its services. So that EPTB cases enrolment may increase its number. The early detection may enhance the cure rates in patients.