Treatment Options for Dry Eye Disease at Svjetlost Eye Clinic Sarajevo - a Review

Abstract

Background: Dry eye disease (DED) is a chronic condition that significantly impacts global health by causing discomfort and vision disturbances. It arises from the loss of tear film homeostasis, driven by inflammation, hyperosmolarity, and ocular surface damage. These elements create a cycle that exacerbates the condition, leading to severe symptoms that can impede daily activities. The Tear Film & Ocular Surface Society Dry Eye Workshop II (TFOS DEWS II) has classified DED into aqueous-deficient dry eye (ADDE) and evaporative dry eye (EDE), with the latter being more common and primarily caused by Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD). Objective: The aim of this article is to provide a comprehensive overview of the treatment options for dry eye syndrome available at Eye Clinic Svjetlost and their frequency. By exploring the various therapeutic approaches, including medical treatments and advanced procedures such as LipiFlow, it seeks to inform readers about the diverse strategies to manage and alleviate dry eye symptoms. Methods: This review examines treatment strategies for DED, particularly those used at Eye Clinic Svjetlost in Sarajevo, based on a five-year analysis of patient records. Results and Discussion: Key treatments include artificial tears, punctum plugs, cyclosporine, and LipiFlow. Artificial tears, especially lipid-based formulations, are fundamental in managing DED. Punctum plugs offer a non-invasive option to retain natural tears. Cyclosporine, an immunomodulator, reduces inflammation and enhances tear production. LipiFlow, targeting MGD, provides significant and lasting relief.Additionally, lifestyle modifications, environmental adjustments, and nutritional supplements, particularly omega-3 fatty acids, play crucial roles in alleviating symptoms. Conclusion: The effectiveness of these treatments highlights the importance of personalized care tailored to individual patient needs. This comprehensive analysis underscores the need for ongoing research and innovation to improve treatment efficacy and quality of life for DED patients. It serves as a call to action for healthcare professionals and researchers to continue advancing in this field.