Abstract
Ever since the advent of the pediatric flexible bronchoscope, there have been attempts of using it as a therapeutic, as much as a diagnostic tool. Traditionally, rigid bronchoscopes have been used in the treatment of tracheobronchial stenosis, often leaving the more distal bronchi out of reach, especially in small children, but new technologies are now available that allow reaching those bronchi with means to repermeabilize them, reestablishing a patent airway. The diagnostic usefulness of flexible bronchoscopy cannot be overemphasized, especially in secondary stenotic airways, in which there is often a combination of anatomic and dynamic collapse due to malacic segments alongside scar tissue. This is why the care of the pediatric airway patients should always be multidisciplinary and comprise an ENT/pediatric surgeon and an expert interventional pulmonologist. In this chapter we discuss the many roles played by flexible bronchoscopy in both the diagnosis and the treatment of the stenotic airway.
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