Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are ubiquitous in the human body. Mesenchymal stem cells were initially isolated from bone marrow and later from other organs such as fatty tissues, umbilical cords, and gingiva. Their secretory capacities give them interesting immunomodulatory properties in cell therapy. Some studies have explored the use of MSCs to treat Sjögren’s syndrome (SS), a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease that mainly affects exocrine glands, including salivary and lacrimal glands, although current treatments are only palliative. This systematic review summarizes the current data about the application of MSCs in SS. Reports show improvements in salivary secretions and a decrease in lymphocytic infiltration in salivary glands in patients and mice with SS after intravenous or infra-peritoneal injections of MSCs. MSC injections led to a decrease in inflammatory cytokines and an increase in anti-inflammatory cytokines. However, the intrinsic mechanism of action of these MSCs currently remains unknown.
Highlights
Studies were selected according to the following inclusion criterion: studies reporting the use of mesenchymal stem cells in sicca syndrome
Studies have shown the efficacy of anti-IL-12 antibodies in other autoimmune diseases [37], but before making a hypothesis on the therapeutic role of anti-IL-12 antibodies in s syndrome (SS), further studies are needed
After measuring the levels of CD40, CD137, IFN-α/β, and IFN-γ in the mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) cocultured with dendritic cells, they demonstrated the importance of IFN-β in the production of IL-27 [29]
Summary
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Sjögren’s syndrome (SS), called sicca syndrome, is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease that mainly affects women It was first described in 1926 by Henri Gougerot, a French dermatologist, followed by Henrik Sjögren, a Swedish ophthalmologist, in 1933. SS results from the infiltration of T lymphocytes into exocrine glands followed by a predominance of B lymphocytes in the advanced stages of the disease [4] These T cells produce cytokines directed toward a cellular reaction as T helper 1 (Th1). There is no etiological treatment for this pathology, and currently, the management of SS is based primarily on the management of symptoms, e.g., the prescription of pilocarpine hydrochloride, a muscarinic receptor agonist, to improve salivary secretion [6] In this context, the use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as a therapeutic approach to treating SS has been assessed and was previously reviewed [7,8,9].
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