Treatment of renal artery fibromuscular dysplasia with drug-eluting balloon angioplasty and intravascular imaging: a case report

Abstract

Fibromuscular dysplasia (FD) is a segmental, non-inflammatory and non-atherosclerotic disease of vascular smooth muscle of unknown etiology, which leads to stenosis of smalland medium-sized arteries. The choice of surgical treatment tactics for renal artery FD depends on the severity of clinical manifestations and the response to the conservative drug treatment used. Young age, female sex, high blood pressure with failure to achieve target values with therapy, as well as the absence of atherosclerotic involvement of other arterial systems gives reason to suspect renal artery FD. According to modern guidelines, the invasive treatment of hemodynamically significant renal artery stenoses includes transluminal drug-eluting balloon angioplasty. In this disease, renal artery stenting is not recommended. However, stent implantation is required if balloon angioplasty did not give the optimal result or in case of periprocedural complications, such as arterial dissection. Open reconstructive surgery is indicated for complex anatomy of the related artery, macroaneurysms in which stent grafts are ineffective, refractory intimal fibroplastic lesions, increased risk of endovascular treatment, or after unsuccessful endovascular intervention. The article presents a case of a young patient with renal artery FD, renovascular arterial hypertension, who successfully underwent renal artery transluminal drugeluting balloon angioplasty.