Treatment of Refractory Multilevel Thoracic Spondylodiscitis Using Ultra-Minimally Invasive Endoscopic Approach for Debridement and Drainage: A Technical Note, Intraoperative Video, and Literature Review.

Abstract

Spondylodiscitis is an infection of the spinal column which can result in pain, deformity, instability, and/or neurologic deficits. When surgical treatment is required for thoracic spondylodiscitis, invasive open approaches are often utilized due to the ventral location of the pathology. We describe the use of a spinal endoscope to perform drainage and debridement of infected tissue through a transforaminal/intradiscal approach in a patient with multilevel thoracic spondylodiscitis refractory to antibiotic therapy. Illustrative videos are provided, as well as a review of the relevant literature. A total of 188 patients were included in the systematic review. The mean positive reported culture rate was 76% (117/154 patients). The mean preoperative visual analog scale score was 6.8 (n = 114), and the mean postoperative visual analog scale score was 1.8 at 1 week postoperatively (n = 56) and 1.01 at the final follow-up (n = 114). The most common surgical approach was transforaminal/intradiscal (103/188 patients, 54.8%). The mean reoperation rate was 9.1%. The mean complication rate was 5.25%, with complications including increased transient radicular pain, infection, hardware failure, and new unspecified neurological deficits. This case and those highlighted in our literature review demonstrate that endoscopic treatment for thoracic spondylodiscitis is a viable alternative to traditional open surgery in many cases.