Abstract
Tissue-engineered technology has provided a promising method for the repair of growth plate injuries using biocompatible and biodegradable scaffolds and appropriate cells. The aim of this study was to fabricate oriented ECM scaffolds to imitate the material and structure of a natural growth plate and to investigate whether BMSCs in a scaffold could prevent the formation of bone bridges in an injured growth plate. We developed a natural, acellular and oriented scaffold derived from a growth plate. The oriented scaffold was fabricated using new freeze-drying technology and by cross-linking the microfilaments in the growth plate. From histological examination, the scaffold contained most of the ECM components including GAG and collagen II without cell DNA fragments, and SEM revealed that oriented scaffold had a uniform aperture in the transverse plane and columnar structure in length plane. Cytotoxicity testing with MTT showed no cytotoxic effect of the scaffold extracts on BMSCs. Autogenous BMSCs in oriented scaffolds promoted the regeneration of neogenetic growth plate when repairing an injured growth plate and prevent the formation of bone bridges to reduce the angular deformity and length discrepancy in the proximal tibia in rabbits. The well-characterized ECM-derived oriented growth plate scaffold shows potential for the repair of injured growth plates in young rabbits.
Highlights
The normal biological function of the natural growth plate
We successfully developed a novel growth plate made of an ECM-derived oriented acellular scaffold to imitate the column structure of natural growth plate, and we evaluated and characterized and biocompatibility of this ECM scaffold
DNA fragments, process excellent biocompatibility, and the scaffold extracts had no cytotoxic effects on BMSCs
Summary
The normal biological function of the natural growth plate. The growth plate has columns of chondrocytes in three principal layers: resting, proliferative, and hypertrophic zones. The combination of chondrocyte proliferation, enlargement of maturing chondrocytes in the hypertrophic zone, and the ECM play a major role in vertical bone growth. The designed structure of the scaffolds should mimic the native cartilage of the growth plate, which has an oriented structure of chondrocytes associated with its mechanical and biological functions. Scaffolding with a biomimetic-oriented architecture is the major objective in tissue-engineered growth plate cartilage in our experiment. The purpose of this study was to (1) fabricate oriented growth plate ECM-derived scaffolds to imitate the material and structure of the nature growth plate, (2) assess the characteristic and compatibility of oriented ECM scaffolds and (3) investigate whether antogeneic BMSCs within oriented ECM scaffolds could prevent the formation of bone bridges and promote the regeneration of neogenetic chondrocytes in the treatment of injured growth plate (Fig. 1)
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