Abstract
The pollution of waterbodies and the environment by the petroleum industry is of particular concern in Nigeria. This problem can be addressed by the application of a constructed wetland (CW) which is a naturebased system that is simple to construct, has low operational and maintenance costs in terms of supply of energy and periodic maintenance. The application of CWs in Nigeria for polishing of petroleum refinery wastewater is an unprecedented research. This PhD thesis focused on some specific objectives which were characterization of treated secondary refinery wastewater, design, construction, operation and monitoring of planted (T. latifolia, C. alternifolius and C. dactylon) and unplanted vertical subsurface flow, horizontal subsurface flow and hybrid CWs for the removal of suspended solids, nutrients,heavy metals, organic matter and organic pollutants. The CWs effectively treated the petroleum contaminated wastewater to effluent compliance limits. In this study, T. latifolia planted CWs had consistently higher removal efficiencies for all the measured parameters than C. alternifolius and C. dactylon planted CW systems. Therefore, in order to improve the wastewater quality discharged by the Kaduna Refining and Petrochemical Company (KRPC) and meet the stringent guidelines as well as protect the recipient streams, installation of CWs at the effluent discharge point of KRPC is strongly recommended.
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