Abstract
A thrombus in a coronary artery causes ischemia, which eventually leads to myocardial infarction (MI) if not removed. However, removal generates reactive oxygen species (ROS), which causes ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury that damages the tissue and exacerbates the resulting MI. The mechanism of I/R injury is currently extensively understood. However, supplementation of exogenous antioxidants is ineffective against oxidative stress (OS). Enhancing the ability of endogenous antioxidants may be a more effective way to treat OS, and exosomes may play a role as targeted carriers. Exosomes are nanosized vesicles wrapped in biofilms which contain various complex RNAs and proteins. They are important intermediate carriers of intercellular communication and material exchange. In recent years, diagnosis and treatment with exosomes in cardiovascular diseases have gained considerable attention. Herein, we review the new findings of exosomes in the regulation of OS in coronary heart disease, discuss the possibility of exosomes as carriers for the targeted regulation of endogenous ROS generation, and compare the advantages of exosome therapy with those of stem-cell therapy. Finally, we explore several miRNAs found in exosomes against OS.
Highlights
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been the leading cause of mortality in recent years, and its incidence and mortality are closely related to coronary heart disease (CHD)
Endothelial cells exposed to hypoxia can produce exosomerich miR-210 and increase cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) tolerance to Oxidative stress (OS) by stimulating the PI3K/Akt pathway and other survival pathways [127]
Exosomes are involved in various functional behaviors and intercellular communication of cardiac cells, thereby playing an important role in the pathophysiological process of CHD
Summary
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been the leading cause of mortality in recent years, and its incidence and mortality are closely related to coronary heart disease (CHD). Considerable attention was paid to the important role of exosomes in CVDs, such as ischemic heart disease [25,26,27,28,29]. Exosomes are released from damaged or diseased hearts, playing an important role in disease progression [30,31,32,33]. Considering the related experiments and clinical cell therapy studies, the important roles of exosomes in myocardial injury, repair, and regeneration are being increasingly recognized. Exosomes help detect the endogenous processes of myocardial recovery, regeneration, and protection [38] They reflect the realtime microenvironment of the lesion, indicating that they are excellent biomarkers in clinical diagnosis. The advantages and disadvantages of exosomes as cell-free therapy are examined
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
