Abstract
Owing to the poor penetration depth of light, phototherapy, including photothermal and photodynamic therapies, remains severely ineffective in treating deep tissue infections such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)-infected osteomyelitis. Here, we report a microwave-excited antibacterial nanocapturer system for treating deep tissue infections that consists of microwave-responsive Fe3O4/CNT and the chemotherapy agent gentamicin (Gent). This system, Fe3O4/CNT/Gent, is proven to efficiently target and eradicate MRSA-infected rabbit tibia osteomyelitis. Its robust antibacterial effectiveness is attributed to the precise bacteria-capturing ability and magnetic targeting of the nanocapturer, as well as the subsequent synergistic effects of precise microwaveocaloric therapy from Fe3O4/CNT and chemotherapy from the effective release of antibiotics in infection sites. The advanced target-nanocapturer of microwave-excited microwaveocaloric-chemotherapy with effective targeting developed in this study makes a major step forward in microwave therapy for deep tissue infections.
Highlights
Owing to the poor penetration depth of light, phototherapy, including photothermal and photodynamic therapies, remains severely ineffective in treating deep tissue infections such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)-infected osteomyelitis
Obvious heterointerfaces between Fe3O4 nanospheres and Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were observed from the high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) of Fe3O4/CNT/Gent (Fig. 2c), which was beneficial for accumulating more free charges, producing Debye relaxation to convert MV into thermal energy[30]
The Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) of Fe3O4/CNT/Gent compared to Fe3O4/CNT, the obvious absorption peaks in the FTIR obtained from the Fe3O4/CNT/Gent nanocapturer confirmed that the Gent and phase change material (PCM) were successfully loaded onto the Fe3O4/CNT (Fig. 2d): the peak at 1110 cm−1 was attributed to the vibration of C–O–C in the Gent; the absorption band between 3630 and 3100 cm−1 corresponded to the O–H stretching vibration; and that between 1250 and 900 cm−1 was related to the alicyclic chain vibrations of C–C, which originated from PCM
Summary
Owing to the poor penetration depth of light, phototherapy, including photothermal and photodynamic therapies, remains severely ineffective in treating deep tissue infections such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)-infected osteomyelitis. We report a microwave-excited antibacterial nanocapturer system for treating deep tissue infections that consists of microwave-responsive Fe3O4/CNT and the chemotherapy agent gentamicin (Gent). This system, Fe3O4/CNT/Gent, is proven to efficiently target and eradicate MRSAinfected rabbit tibia osteomyelitis. Its robust antibacterial effectiveness is attributed to the precise bacteria-capturing ability and magnetic targeting of the nanocapturer, as well as the subsequent synergistic effects of precise microwaveocaloric therapy from Fe3O4/CNT and chemotherapy from the effective release of antibiotics in infection sites. Phase change material (PCM), e.g., 1-tetradecanol (which has a melting point of ~40 °C), as a new type of functional material, can quickly respond to temperature fluctuation and can be transformed into liquid, which is helpful for controlling the release of therapeutic drugs by tailoring the temperature of the nanomachine[28]
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