Treatment of melasma with a low-fluence 1064 nm Q-switched Nd:YAG laser: Laser toning in Caucasian women.

Abstract

Melasma is a common, therapeutically challenging, and very often relapsing disorder of hyperpigmentation most often observed in women. Low-fluence, multipass technique with Q-switched-mode laser-"laser toning" is broadly used to treat melasma, especially in Asia. The study aimed to evaluate the effects of a series of laser treatments with very short, nanosecond pulses in the treatment of melasma in Caucasian women. Forty polish females with Fitzpatrick skin phototype II-III and melasma were treated with 1064 nm Q-switched neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (QSNY) laser (pulse with 5 ns; spot size, 6-8 mm; fluence, 1.7-3.2 J/cm2 ; 2-8 passes; nine treatments). Melanin index (MI), erythema index (EI) by Mexameter MX18®, the modified Melasma Area Severity Index (mMASI), and the participant's self-assessment were used to evaluate the treatment results. Twenty-one patients were subjected to a 1-year follow-up. Significant improvement in melasma pigmentation was observed in the mean MI and mMASI score; both were significantly reduced (p < 0.0001). Significant erythema reduction was achieved (p < 0.001). In total, 70% of participants rated the laser as a method that met their expectations for treating melasma. Clinical follow-up after one year showed that the reduced melasma effect was still maintained. Patients also noticed improved skin conditions (radiance, smoothness, brightness, hydration, regeneration). No serious adverse effects were observed. Low-fluence 1064 nm QSNY laser is an effective, safe, and noninvasive method with long-term results in melasma treatment. QSNY (1064 nm) improves the condition of melasma patients with erythema.