TREATMENT OF LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS WITH GOLD COMPOUNDS

Abstract

<h3>Abstract</h3> Triterpenoids, one of the most diverse classes of natural products, have been used for centuries as active ingredients in essential oils and Chinese medicines and are of interest for many industrial applications ranging from low-calorie sweeteners to cosmetic ingredients and vaccine adjuvants. However, not only can the extraction from plant material be cumbersome due to low concentrations of the specific triterpenoid, but concerns are also increasing regarding the sustainability of wild plant harvest while meeting market demands. The alternative is to produce triterpenoids with engineered microbes. Here, we present a generally applicable strategy for triterpenoid production in the yeast <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> based on a modified oxidosqualene cyclase Erg7. The modification reduces the flux into the sterol pathway while increasing the precursor supply for triterpenoid production. The minimally engineered strain was exploited for the exemplary production of the lupane triterpenoids betulin, betulin aldehyde, and betulinic acid at a total titer above 6 g/L, the highest reported so far. To further highlight the chassis concept, squalene, oleanane- and dammarane-type triterpenoids were synthesized to titers at a similar gram scale. We propose the developed baker’s yeast as a host for the thousands of triterpenoid synthesis pathways from plants, reducing the pressure on the natural resources.