Abstract
Oily wastewater consists of fats, oils and greases together with a broad spectrum of dissolved organic and/or inorganic substances in suspension. It is regarded as one of the most hazardous wastewaters, causing serious environmental and health threats to the ecosystems, flora and fauna. The global increase in the discharge of oily wastewater coupled with stringent regulations for effluent discharge and incessant drive for re-use of treated wastewater necessitate the need for treatment of the wastewater. Conventional approaches employed in the past are inept for oily wastewater treatment due to low treatment efficiency and high operational costs, among others, hence the need for adoption of advanced technologies as promising alternatives to existing treatment systems for oily wastewater. Furthermore, the use of combined treatment processes is effective for the removal of hazardous pollutants present in high-strength oily wastewater. This review provides insights into advanced and emerging state-of-the-art technologies for safe and efficient treatment of industrial oily wastewater.
Highlights
Wastewater is defined as a wastewater that consists of fats, oils and greases coupled with a variety of dissolved substances in suspension at high concentrations (Adetunji and Olaniran 2018; Wei et al 2020)
It is characterized by high biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), total suspended solids (TSS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia, sulphides, total organic carbon, total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) and other toxic compounds, based on the operations and products from the producing industries
Electrochemical technology is a promising alternative for the treatment of oily wastewater containing organic pollutants by the application of electric current supplied to the electrodes
Summary
Wastewater is defined as a wastewater that consists of fats, oils and greases coupled with a variety of dissolved substances (organic and/or inorganic) in suspension at high concentrations (Adetunji and Olaniran 2018; Wei et al 2020). Owing to strict policies for effluent discharge and incessant desire for re-use of treated water, treatment of oily wastewater has become imperative (Qin et al 2007; Kuyukina et al 2020) Factors such as wastewater composition (high, medium, or low strength), regulatory limitations, costs, treatment efficiency and end use of wastewater affect the selection of techniques for treatment of oily wastewater (Rajasulochana and Preethy 2016). Methods such as flotation, chemical coagulation, gravity separation and sedimentation are traditional approaches for the treatment of oily wastewater (Abuhasel et al 2021).
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