Abstract
Escherichia coli are gram-negative facultative bacilli that are part of the normal colonic flora in humans, but can also be important causes of diarrhea. E. coli are known to cause diarrhea by a variety of pathogenic mechanisms, including the ability of the bacteria to produce toxins (enterotoxigenic) or to penetrate the colonic mucosa (enteroinvasive). Some specific E. coli serotypes (designated by letter and number based on three separate antigenic groups: O, K, and H) that were associated with outbreaks of diarrhea in hospital nurseries in the 1950 s and 1960 s, are referred to as enteropathogenic.
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