Treatment of diabetic foot ulcers: A comparative study of extracorporeal shockwave therapy and hyperbaric oxygen therapy

Abstract

ObjectiveThis study compared the effectiveness of extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) and hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) in chronic diabetic foot ulcers. Patients and methodsThe ESWT group (39 patients/44 feet) received shockwave therapy twice per week for total six treatments. The HBOT group (38 patients/40 feet) received hyperbaric oxygen therapy daily for total 20 treatments. Evaluations included clinical assessment, blood flow perfusion scan and histopathological examination. ResultsThe overall clinical results showed completely healed ulcers in 57% and 25% (P=0.003); ≥50% improved ulcers in 32% and 15% (P=0.071); unchanged ulcers in 11% and 60% (P<0.001) and none worsened for the ESWT and the HBOT group respectively. The blood flow perfusion rates were comparable between the two groups before treatment (P=0.245), however, significant differences were noted after treatment favoring the ESWT group (P=0.002). Histopathological examination revealed considerable increases in cell proliferation and decreases in cell apoptosis in the ESWT group as compared to the HBOT group. ConclusionESWT is more effective than HBOT in chronic diabetic foot ulcers. ESWT-treated ulcers showed significant improvement in blood flow perfusion rate and cell activity leading to better healing of the ulcers relative to HBOT in chronic diabetic foot ulcers.