Treatment of COVID-19 ARDS with a tabletop NIV device in a Respiratory Intermediate Care Unit

Abstract

<b>Background:</b> Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) has been tried in COVID-19 ARDS (CARDS), and its role is being increasingly recognised. If proven, it could be a game-changer in resource limited settings. We report our experience with administration of respiratory support using a tabletop NIV device in a respiratory intermediate care unit (RIMCU). <b>Methodology:</b> We retrospectively studied a cohort of hospitalised COVID-19 patients, who received protocolised management with positive airway pressure using a tabletop NIV device in the RIMCU as a step-up rescue therapy for deterioration despite low flow oxygen support. Treatment was commenced with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) mode up to a pressure of 10 cm H2O and if required inspiratory pressures were added with the bilevel positive airway pressure (BPAP) mode. Success was defined as weaning from NIV and stepping down to the ward. Failure was defined as escalation to the intensive care unit (ICU) or need for intubation or death. <b>Results:</b> In all, 246 patients were treated in the RIMCU during the study period. Of these, 168 received respiratory support via tabletop NIV device as a step-up rescue therapy. Their mean age was 54 years, and 83% were males. Diabetes Mellitus (78%) and hypertension (44%) were the commonest comorbidities. Treatment was successful with tabletop NIV in 77%; of this, 41% was on CPAP alone and 36% after receiving increased inspiratory pressures on BPAP mode. <b>Conclusion:</b> Respiratory support using a tabletop NIV device is an effective, and economical treatment for CARDS. Further studies are required to assess the appropriate time of initiation for maximal benefit and judicious resource utilisation.