Treatment of complex lateral plateau fractures using Ilizarov techniques.

Abstract

Fourteen high energy atypical Schatzker Types I and II fractures were treated using a combination of contemporary internal fixation techniques and Ilizarov methodologies. Fracture were atypical if the primary lateral condylar fracture line extended anteromedially with complete detachment of the tibial tubercle, or posteromedially with extension into the medial or posterior medial tibial condyle, both in association with comminution of the lateral condyle and impaction of the lateral articular surface. Preoperative traction computed tomography scans were used to direct incisions to the area of joint involvement. Fixation included hook plate stabilization of anterior tubercle fragments in five fractures. Adjunctive lateral, medial, or posterior antiglide plates were used where olive wire stabilization was contraindicated because of anatomic constraints. Fractures were neutralized by a three-ring Ilizarov external fixator. At followup, average 19.2 months (range, 8-67 months), all fractures had healed, and 85% had good or excellent knee scores (Knee Society clinical rating scale). Five patients had minor pin tract complications and one patient had a superficial wound slough. This combined approach has shown excellent results for this complex fracture pattern without the severe soft tissue complications associated with internal fixation techniques for high energy fractures.