Treatment of Catheter-Related Arterial Thrombosis in Children: A 15-Year Single- Center Experience

Abstract

To investigate treatment modalities for children with extremity indwelling catheter (EIC)- or cardiac catheter-related arterial thrombosis. The treatment of consecutive cases of catheter-related arterial thrombosis (CAT) at our institution between 2002 and 2017 was analyzed retrospectively. A total of 242 CATs developed in 224 children. Of these, 125 (52%) were EIC-related and 117 (48%) were cardiac catheter-related. Treatment included heparin alone in 60 cases (25%), acetylsalicyclic acid (ASA) alone in 6 cases (2%), heparin followed by ASA in 171 cases (71%), heparin followed by vitamin K antagonist (VKA) in 4 cases (1.5%), and VKA alone in 1 case (0.5%). Complete resolution of CAT was observed in 173 cases (71.5%), partial resolution in 13 cases (5.4%), and no resolution in 56 cases (23.1%). No statistical significance in the resolution rate was observed between treatment groups (P=.23). In 66% of cases, complete resolution occurred at a median of 18days (range, 4-44days) with heparin alone. A switch from heparin to ASA in children with partial or no resolution of CAT did not increase the resolution rate at follow-up. Heparin is an efficient treatment modality for CAT in pediatric patients. Long-term, subsequent treatment with ASA does not increase the resolution rate.