Abstract
to evaluate the efficacy of Baccharis dracunculifolia extract in the treatment of anal fistulas in rats. twenty male Wistar rats were submitted to anal fistula and, after 30 days, were divided into three groups: Control Group, with five animals; Carbopol Group, with five animals; and Baccharis dracunculifolia Group, with ten animals. In the Control Group, no treatment was performed. In the Carbopol Group, a daily infusion of Carbopol was performed for 30 days. In the Baccharis dracunculifolia Group, a daily infusion of Carbopol plus Baccharis dracunculifolia extract was performed for 30 days. Specimens were taken for histological analysis after euthanasia. there was no complete closure of the fistulous tract in any of the animals. The mean area of the remaining tract was of 847.2µm2, 565.6µm2 and 372.7µm2, in the Control Group, Carbopol Group, and Baccharis dracunculifolia Group, respectively, (p=0.001). The mean of the inflammatory process score was of 2.4, 2.4, and 2.1, in the Control Group, Carbopol Group, and Baccharis dracunculifolia Group, respectively, (p=0.285), while the mean values of vascular congestion were of 1.6, 1.4, and 1.1, in the Control Group, Carbopol Group, and Baccharis dracunculifolia Group, respectively, (p=0.031). Baccharis dracunculifolia extract was able to reduce the lumen of the fistulous tracts and the degree of vascular congestion, without, however, reducing the local inflammatory process or totally closing the fistulous tracts.
Highlights
Anal fistula is a duct formed between an internal opening in the anus and an external orifice in the perianal skin, forming a epithelial fibrosis tract or filled with granulation tissue, almost always resulting from an abscess of cryptoglandular origin[1]
The goal of any treatment for anal fistulas is to lead to complete healing of the fistulous tract without causing fecal incontinence
It was observed that, in the GBD, there was a significant reduction of the lumen of the tracts, which allows us to infer that perhaps in a longer treatment could occur total occlusion. This is because, since there is no similar research on B. dracunculifolia in the treatment of anal fistulas, we used a 30-day treatment period based on researches with other drugs[4]
Summary
Anal fistula is a duct formed between an internal opening in the anus and an external orifice in the perianal skin, forming a epithelial fibrosis tract or filled with granulation tissue, almost always resulting from an abscess of cryptoglandular origin[1]. The treatment with the best cure rate of anal fistulas - fistulotomy, which consists of the opening and curettage of the fistulous tract - cannot be applied in all cases, since the greater the number of severed muscle fibers, the greater the risk of fecal incontinence[2,3]. The use of extracts and formulations of medicinal plants from different Brazilian biomes in folk medicine, mainly as anti-inflammatory and healing in the treatment of anal fistulas, has been increasing, especially in experimental researches, but with great potential for use in clinical practice[4]. Among these species, there is Baccharis dracunculifolia (Asteraceae), popularly known as field rosemary. There are still no publications in medical literature using this medicinal plant to treat anal fistulas, but, to what has been observed
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