Abstract
Palm oil mill effluent (POME) is high strength wastewater derived from processing of palm fruit. It is generated in large quantities in all oil palm producing nations where it is a strong pollutant amenable to microbial degradation being rich in organic carbon, nitrogen, and minerals. Valorization and treatment of POME with seven yeast isolates was studied under scalable conditions by using POME to produce value-added yeast biomass. POME was used as sole source of carbon and nitrogen and the fermentation was carried out at 150 rpm, 28 ± 2°C using an inoculum size of 1 mL of 106cells. Yeasts were isolated from POME, dump site, and palm wine. The POME had chemical oxygen demand (COD) 114.8 gL−1, total solid 76 gL−1, total suspended solid (TSS) 44 gL−1and total lipid 35.80 gL−1. Raw POME supported accumulation of 4.42 gL−1dry yeast with amino acid content comparable or superior to the FAO/WHO standard for feed use SCP. Peak COD reduction (83%) was achieved with highest biomass accumulation in 96 h usingSaccharomycesspL31. POME can be used as carbon source with little or no supplementation to achieve waste-to-value by producing feed grade yeast with reduction in pollution potential.
Highlights
Palm oil is the most widely consumed vegetable oil and accounts for about 33% of total vegetable oil production in the world [1]
Seven representative isolates of palm oil mill effluent (POME) utilizing yeasts were selected from a total of more than 100 initial isolates based on the amount of biomass accumulated and identified
Two of the representative isolates identified as Candida sp TMCC and Pichia sp SP5 were obtained from POME dump site, another two identified as Candida spp
Summary
Palm oil is the most widely consumed vegetable oil and accounts for about 33% of total vegetable oil production in the world [1]. Global palm oil production has been dominated by Indonesia and Malaysia and to a lesser extent by Colombia, Thailand, and Nigeria. About 80% of the palm oil industry in Nigeria is dominated by smallholders who typically use manual equipment and, to a lesser extent, semimechanized processors for processing palm fruit [2, 3]. Processing of palm fruit in both methods employs large volumes of water This results in the production of copious volumes of the liquid waste known as palm oil mill effluent (POME) [6, 7]. Estimates of the volume of POME produced per litre of palm oil extracted from palm fruits are few and variable This is occasioned by several variables including differences in the efficiencies of the different processes and nature of the fruit.
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