Abstract
Dairy industry is considered as one of the major water consuming industries in the world and the waste generated from dairy industry severely contaminates the environment. World is facing severe water crisis, therefore, it is needed to process the waste water for reuse purpose. The processing of raw milk result in production of high concentration of organic matter such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, suspended solids, high nitrogen concentration and oil/grease contents. The waste water thus released from the dairy industry has high biological oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD), high variation in pH usually being slightly alkaline in nature, further on fermentation of milk sugar it is converted to lactic acid and rapidly becomes acidic. If the waste water is released untreated in the environment, these organic and inorganic contaminants from the dairy industries can disrupt terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems and there by imbalance the ecosystem. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop efficient techniques for the treatment of dairy effluents. Waste water from dairy industries can be treated by various methods such as physical, chemical and biological. However, to reduce the operational cost, increase in efficiency, recycling and reuse of waste water and to decrease disruptions of environmental resources, further advancements in the treatment methods have become the need of the hour.
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